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<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>shutdown -h now</td>
<td>即刻关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shutdown -h 10</td>
<td>10分钟后关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shutdown -h 11:00</td>
<td>11：00关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shutdown -h +10</td>
<td>预定时间关机（10分钟后）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shutdown -c</td>
<td>取消指定时间关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shutdown -r now</td>
<td>重启</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shutdown -r 10</td>
<td>10分钟之后重启</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>shutdown -r 11:00</td>
<td>定时重启</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>reboot</td>
<td>重启</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>init 6</td>
<td>重启</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>init 0</td>
<td>⽴刻关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>telinit 0</td>
<td>关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>poweroff</td>
<td>⽴刻关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>halt</td>
<td>关机</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sync</td>
<td>buff数据同步到磁盘</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>logout</td>
<td>退出登录Shell</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="系统信息和性能查看"><a href="#系统信息和性能查看" class="headerlink" title="系统信息和性能查看"></a>系统信息和性能查看</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>uname -a</td>
<td>查看内核/OS/CPU信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>uname -r</td>
<td>查看内核版本</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>uname -m</td>
<td>查看处理器架构</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>arch</td>
<td>查看处理器架构</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hostname</td>
<td>查看计算机名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>who</td>
<td>显示当前登录系统的⽤户</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>who am i</td>
<td>显示登录时的⽤户名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>whoami</td>
<td>显示当前⽤户名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cat /proc/version</td>
<td>查看linux版本信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cat /proc/cpuinfo</td>
<td>查看CPU信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cat /proc/interrupts</td>
<td>查看中断</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cat /proc/loadavg</td>
<td>查看系统负载</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>uptime</td>
<td>查看系统运⾏时间、⽤户数、负载</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>env</td>
<td>查看系统的环境变量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>lsusb -tv</td>
<td>查看系统USB设备信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>lspci -tv</td>
<td>查看系统PCI设备信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>lsmod</td>
<td>查看已加载的系统模块</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo</td>
<td>查看内存总量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>grep MemFree /proc/meminfo</td>
<td>查看空闲内存量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>free -m</td>
<td>查看内存⽤量和交换区⽤量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>date</td>
<td>显示系统⽇期时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cal 2021</td>
<td>显示2021⽇历表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>top</td>
<td>动态显示cpu/内存/进程等情况</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vmstat 1 20</td>
<td>每1秒采⼀次系统状态，采20次</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>iostat</td>
<td>查看io读写/cpu使⽤情况</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>查看io读写/cpu使⽤情况</td>
<td>查询cpu使⽤情况（1秒⼀次，共10次）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sar -d 1 10</td>
<td>查询磁盘性能</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="磁盘和分区"><a href="#磁盘和分区" class="headerlink" title="磁盘和分区"></a>磁盘和分区</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>fdisk -l</td>
<td>查看所有磁盘分区</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>swapon -s</td>
<td>查看所有交换分区</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>df -h</td>
<td>查看磁盘使⽤情况及挂载点</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>df -hl</td>
<td>同上</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>du -sh /dir</td>
<td>查看指定某个⽬录的⼤⼩</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>du -sk * | sort -rn</td>
<td>从⾼到低依次显示⽂件和⽬录⼤⼩</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2</td>
<td>挂载hda2盘</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mount -t ntfs /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usbhd1</td>
<td>指定⽂件系统类型挂载（如ntfs）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mount -o loop xxx.iso /mnt/cdrom</td>
<td>挂 载 iso ⽂ 件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>umount -v /dev/sda1</td>
<td>通过设备名卸载</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>umount -v /mnt/mymnt</td>
<td>通过挂载点卸载</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fuser -km /mnt/hda1</td>
<td>强制卸载(慎⽤)</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="⽤户和⽤户组"><a href="#⽤户和⽤户组" class="headerlink" title="⽤户和⽤户组"></a>⽤户和⽤户组</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>useradd codesheep</td>
<td>创建⽤户</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>userdel -r codesheep</td>
<td>删除⽤户</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>usermod -g group_name user_name</td>
<td>修改⽤户的组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>usermod -aG group_name user_name</td>
<td>将⽤户添加到组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>usermod -s /bin/ksh -d /home/codepig –g dev codesheep</td>
<td>修改⽤户codesheep的登录Shell、主⽬录以及⽤户组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>groups test</td>
<td>查看test⽤户所在的组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>groupadd group_name</td>
<td>创建⽤户组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>groupdel group_name</td>
<td>删除⽤户组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>groupmod -n new_name old_name</td>
<td>重命名⽤户组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>su - user_name</td>
<td>su - user_name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>passwd</td>
<td>修改⼝令</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>passwd codesheep</td>
<td>修改某⽤户的⼝令</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>w</td>
<td>查看活动⽤户</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>id codesheep</td>
<td>查看指定⽤户codesheep信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>last</td>
<td>查看⽤户登录⽇志</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>crontab -l</td>
<td>查看当前⽤户的计划任务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd</td>
<td>查看系统所有⽤户</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cut -d: -f1 /etc/group</td>
<td>查看系统所有组</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="⽹络和进程管理"><a href="#⽹络和进程管理" class="headerlink" title="⽹络和进程管理"></a>⽹络和进程管理</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>ifconfig</td>
<td>查看⽹络接⼝属性</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ifconfig eth0</td>
<td>查看某⽹卡的配置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>route -n</td>
<td>查看路由表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>netstat -lntp</td>
<td>查看所有监听端⼝</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>netstat -antp</td>
<td>查看已经建⽴的TCP连接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>netstat -lutp</td>
<td>查看TCP/UDP的状态信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ifup eth0</td>
<td>启⽤eth0⽹络设备</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ifdown eth0</td>
<td>禁⽤eth0⽹络设备</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>iptables -L</td>
<td>查看iptables规则</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0</td>
<td>配置ip地址</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dhclient eth0</td>
<td>以dhcp模式启⽤eth0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>route add -net 0/0 gw Gateway_IP</td>
<td>配置默认⽹关</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1</td>
<td>配置静态路由到达⽹络’192.168.0.0/16’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>route del 0/0 gw Gateway_IP</td>
<td>删除静态路由</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hostname</td>
<td>查看主机名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>host <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.baidu.com/">www.baidu.com</a></td>
<td>解析主机名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nslookup <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.baidu.com/">www.baidu.com</a></td>
<td>查询DNS记录，查看域名解析是否正常</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ps -ef</td>
<td>查看所有进程</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ps -ef | grep codesheep</td>
<td>过滤出你需要的进程</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kill -s name</td>
<td>kill指定名称的进程</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kill -s pid</td>
<td>kill指定pid的进程</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>top</td>
<td>实时显示进程状态</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vmstat 1 20</td>
<td>每1秒采⼀次系统状态，采20次</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>iostat</td>
<td>iostat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sar -u 1 10</td>
<td>查询cpu使⽤情况（1秒⼀次，共10次）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sar -d 1 10</td>
<td>查询磁盘性能</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="常⻅系统服务命令"><a href="#常⻅系统服务命令" class="headerlink" title="常⻅系统服务命令"></a>常⻅系统服务命令</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>chkconfig –list</td>
<td>列出系统服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>service &lt;服务名&gt; status</td>
<td>查看某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>service &lt;服务名&gt; start</td>
<td>启动某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>service &lt;服务名&gt; stop</td>
<td>终⽌某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>service &lt;服务名&gt; restart</td>
<td>重启某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>systemctl status &lt;服务名&gt;</td>
<td>查看某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>systemctl start &lt;服务名&gt;</td>
<td>启动某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>systemctl stop &lt;服务名&gt;</td>
<td>终⽌某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>systemctl restart &lt;服务名&gt;</td>
<td>重启某个服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>systemctl enable &lt;服务名&gt;</td>
<td>关闭⾃启动</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>systemctl disable &lt;服务名&gt;</td>
<td>关闭⾃启动</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="⽂件和⽬录操作"><a href="#⽂件和⽬录操作" class="headerlink" title="⽂件和⽬录操作"></a>⽂件和⽬录操作</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>cd &lt;⽬录名&gt;</td>
<td>进⼊某个⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cd ..</td>
<td>回上级⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cd ../..</td>
<td>回上两级⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cd</td>
<td>进个⼈主⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cd -</td>
<td>回上⼀步所在⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pwd</td>
<td>显示当前路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ls</td>
<td>查看⽂件⽬录列表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ls -F</td>
<td>查看⽬录中内容（显示是⽂件还是⽬录）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ls -l</td>
<td>查看⽂件和⽬录的详情列表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ls -a</td>
<td>查看隐藏⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ls -lh</td>
<td>查看⽂件和⽬录的详情列表（增强⽂件⼤⼩易读性）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ls -lSr</td>
<td>查看⽂件和⽬录列表（以⽂件⼤⼩升序查看）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tree</td>
<td>查看⽂件和⽬录的树形结构</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mkdir &lt;⽬录名&gt;</td>
<td>创建⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mkdir dir1 dir2</td>
<td>同时创建两个⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2</td>
<td>创建⽬录树</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rm -f file1</td>
<td>删除’file1’⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rmdir dir1</td>
<td>删除’dir1’⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rm -rf dir1</td>
<td>删除’dir1’⽬录和其内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rm -rf dir1 dir2</td>
<td>同时删除两个⽬录及其内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mv old_dir new_dir</td>
<td>重命名/移动⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cp file1 file2</td>
<td>复制⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cp dir/* .</td>
<td>复制某⽬录下的所有⽂件⾄当前⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cp -a dir1 dir2</td>
<td>复制⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cp -a /tmp/dir1 .</td>
<td>复制⼀个⽬录⾄当前⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ln -s file1 link1</td>
<td>创建指向⽂件/⽬录的软链接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ln file1 lnk1</td>
<td>创建指向⽂件/⽬录的物理链接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>find / -name file1</td>
<td>从跟⽬录开始搜索⽂件/⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>find / -user user1</td>
<td>搜索⽤户user1的⽂件/⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>find /dir -name *.bin</td>
<td>在⽬录/dir中搜带有.bin后缀的⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>locate &lt;关键词&gt;</td>
<td>快速定位⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>locate *.mp4</td>
<td>寻找.mp4结尾的⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>whereis &lt;关键词&gt;</td>
<td>显示某⼆进制⽂件/可执⾏⽂件的路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>which &lt;关键词&gt;</td>
<td>查找系统⽬录下某的⼆进制⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chmod ugo+rwx dir1</td>
<td>设置⽬录所有者(u)、群组(g)及其他⼈(o)的读（r）写(w)执⾏(x)权限</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chmod go-rwx dir1</td>
<td>移除群组(g)与其他⼈(o)对⽬录的读写执⾏权限</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chown user1 file1</td>
<td>改变⽂件的所有者属性</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chown -R user1 dir1</td>
<td>改变⽬录的所有者属性</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chgrp group1 file1</td>
<td>改变⽂件群组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chown user1:group1 file1</td>
<td>改变⽂件的所有⼈和群组</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="⽂件查看和处理"><a href="#⽂件查看和处理" class="headerlink" title="⽂件查看和处理"></a>⽂件查看和处理</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>cat file1</td>
<td>查看⽂件内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cat -n file1</td>
<td>查看内容并标示⾏数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tac file1</td>
<td>从最后⼀⾏开始反看⽂件内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>more file1</td>
<td>more file1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>less file1</td>
<td>类似more命令，但允许反向操作</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>head -2 file1</td>
<td>查看⽂件前两⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tail -2 file1</td>
<td>查看⽂件后两⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tail -f /log/msg</td>
<td>实时查看添加到⽂件中的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>grep codesheep hello.txt</td>
<td>在⽂件hello.txt中查找关键词codesheep</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>grep ^sheep hello.txt</td>
<td>在⽂件hello.txt中查找以sheep开头的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>grep [0-9] hello.txt</td>
<td>选择hello.txt⽂件中所有包含数字的⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed ‘s/s1/s2/g’ hello.txt</td>
<td>将hello.txt⽂件中的s1替换成s2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed ‘/^$/d’ hello.txt</td>
<td>从hello.txt⽂件中删除所有空⽩⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed ‘/ *#/d; /^$/d’ hello.txt</td>
<td>从hello.txt⽂件中删除所有注释和空⽩⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed -e ‘1d’ hello.txt</td>
<td>从⽂件hello.txt 中排除第⼀⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed -n ‘/s1/p’ hello.txt</td>
<td>查看只包含关键词”s1”的⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed -e ‘s/ *$//‘ hello.txt</td>
<td>删除每⼀⾏最后的空⽩字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed -e ‘s/s1//g’ hello.txt</td>
<td>从⽂档中只删除词汇s1并保留剩余全部</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed -n ‘1,5p;5q’ hello.txt</td>
<td>查看从第⼀⾏到第5⾏内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sed -n ‘5p;5q’ hello.txt</td>
<td>查看第5⾏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>paste file1 file2</td>
<td>合并两个⽂件或两栏的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>paste -d ‘+’ file1 file2</td>
<td>合并两个⽂件或两栏的内容，中间⽤”+”区分</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sort file1 file2</td>
<td>排序两个⽂件的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>comm -1 file1 file2</td>
<td>⽐较两个⽂件的内容(去除’file1’所含内容)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>comm -2 file1 file2</td>
<td>⽐较两个⽂件的内容(去除’file2’所含内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>comm -3 file1 file2</td>
<td>⽐较两个⽂件的内容(去除两⽂件共有部分)</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="打包和解压"><a href="#打包和解压" class="headerlink" title="打包和解压"></a>打包和解压</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>zip xxx.zip file</td>
<td>压缩⾄zip包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>zip -r xxx.zip file1 file2 dir1</td>
<td>将多个⽂件+⽬录压成zip包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unzip xxx.zip</td>
<td>解压zip包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -cvf xxx.tar file</td>
<td>创建⾮压缩tar包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -cvf xxx.tar file1 file2 dir1</td>
<td>将多个⽂件+⽬录打tar包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -tf xxx.tar</td>
<td>查看tar包的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -xvf xxx.tar</td>
<td>解压tar包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -xvf xxx.tar -C /dir</td>
<td>将tar包解压⾄指定⽬录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -cvfj xxx.tar.bz2 dir</td>
<td>创建bz2压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -jxvf xxx.tar.bz2</td>
<td>解压bz2压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -cvfz xxx.tar.gz dir</td>
<td>创建gzip压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz</td>
<td>解压gzip压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bunzip2 xxx.bz2</td>
<td>解压bz2压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bzip2 filename</td>
<td>压缩⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gunzip xxx.gz</td>
<td>解压gzip压缩包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gzip filename</td>
<td>压缩⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gzip -9 filename</td>
<td>最⼤程度压缩</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="RPM包管理命令"><a href="#RPM包管理命令" class="headerlink" title="RPM包管理命令"></a>RPM包管理命令</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>rpm -qa</td>
<td>查看已安装的rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -q pkg_name</td>
<td>查询某个rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -q –whatprovides xxx</td>
<td>显示xxx功能是由哪个包提供的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -q –whatrequires xxx</td>
<td>显示xxx功能被哪个程序包依赖的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -q –changelog xxx</td>
<td>显示xxx包的更改记录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -qi pkg_name</td>
<td>查看⼀个包的详细信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -qd pkg_name</td>
<td>查询⼀个包所提供的⽂档</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -qc pkg_name</td>
<td>查看已安装rpm包提供的配置⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -ql pkg_name</td>
<td>查看⼀个包安装了哪些⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -qf filename</td>
<td>查看某个⽂件属于哪个包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -qR pkg_name</td>
<td>查询包的依赖关系</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -ivh xxx.rpm</td>
<td>安装rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -ivh –test xxx.rpm</td>
<td>测试安装rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -ivh –nodeps xxx.rpm</td>
<td>安装rpm包时忽略依赖关系</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -e xxx</td>
<td>卸载程序包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -Fvh pkg_name</td>
<td>升级确定已安装的rpm包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -Uvh pkg_name</td>
<td>升级rpm包(若未安装则会安装)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rpm -V pkg_name</td>
<td>RPM包详细信息校验</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="YUM包管理命令"><a href="#YUM包管理命令" class="headerlink" title="YUM包管理命令"></a>YUM包管理命令</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>yum repolist enabled</td>
<td>显示可⽤的源仓库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum search pkg_name</td>
<td>搜索软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum install pkg_name</td>
<td>下载并安装软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum install –downloadonly pkg_name</td>
<td>只 下 载 不 安 装</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum list</td>
<td>显示所有程序包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum list installed</td>
<td>查看当前系统已安装包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum list updates</td>
<td>查看可以更新的包列表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum check-update</td>
<td>查看可升级的软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum update</td>
<td>更新所有软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum update pkg_name</td>
<td>升级指定软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum deplist pkg_name</td>
<td>列出软件包依赖关系</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum remove pkg_name</td>
<td>删除软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum clean all</td>
<td>清除缓存</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum clean packages</td>
<td>清除缓存的软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yum clean headers</td>
<td>清除缓存的header</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="DPKG包管理命令"><a href="#DPKG包管理命令" class="headerlink" title="DPKG包管理命令"></a>DPKG包管理命令</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>dpkg -c xxx.deb</td>
<td>列出deb包的内容</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg -i xxx.deb</td>
<td>安装/更新deb包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg -r pkg_name</td>
<td>移除deb包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg -P pkg_name</td>
<td>移除deb包(不保留配置)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg -l</td>
<td>查看系统中已安装deb包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg -l pkg_name</td>
<td>显示包的⼤致信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg -L pkg_name</td>
<td>查看deb包安装的⽂件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg -s pkg_name</td>
<td>查看包的详细信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dpkg –unpack xxx.deb</td>
<td>解开deb包的内容</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="APT软件⼯具"><a href="#APT软件⼯具" class="headerlink" title="APT软件⼯具"></a>APT软件⼯具</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>常用命令</th>
<th>作用</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>apt-cache search pkg_name</td>
<td>搜索程序包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apt-cache show pkg_name</td>
<td>获取包的概览信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apt-get install pkg_name</td>
<td>安装/升级软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apt-get purge pkg_name</td>
<td>卸载软件（包括配置）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apt-get remove pkg_name</td>
<td>卸载软件（不包括配置）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apt-get update</td>
<td>更新包索引信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apt-get upgrade</td>
<td>更新已安装软件包</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>apt-get clean</td>
<td>清理缓存</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="http://buqiugouda.gitee.io">不求勾搭</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="http://buqiugouda.gitee.io/%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/Linux/Linux%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/">http://buqiugouda.gitee.io/%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/Linux/Linux%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="http://buqiugouda.gitee.io" target="_blank">buqiugouda的博客主页</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" 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class="card-info-data site-data is-center"><a href="/myblog/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">11</div></a><a href="/myblog/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a><a href="/myblog/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">9</div></a></div><a id="card-info-btn" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/buqiugouda"><i class="fab fa-github"></i><span>Follow Me</span></a></div><div class="card-widget card-announcement"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-bullhorn fa-shake"></i><span>公告</span></div><div class="announcement_content">嗨害嗨，来啦⚔️。<br>这里有我个人编写的随笔，也有收集的资料文章。<br>内容只用于个人学习、温故而知新。<br>如有侵权,可以联系我😊</div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%BA-%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AF-%E6%B3%A8%E9%94%80"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">关机&#x2F;重启&#x2F;注销</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%92%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">系统信息和性能查看</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98%E5%92%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">磁盘和分区</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E2%BD%A4%E6%88%B7%E5%92%8C%E2%BD%A4%E6%88%B7%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">⽤户和⽤户组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E2%BD%B9%E7%BB%9C%E5%92%8C%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">⽹络和进程管理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%B8%E2%BB%85%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">常⻅系统服务命令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E2%BD%82%E4%BB%B6%E5%92%8C%E2%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">⽂件和⽬录操作</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E2%BD%82%E4%BB%B6%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">⽂件查看和处理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%93%E5%8C%85%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3%E5%8E%8B"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">打包和解压</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#RPM%E5%8C%85%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text">RPM包管理命令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#YUM%E5%8C%85%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">11.</span> <span class="toc-text">YUM包管理命令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#DPKG%E5%8C%85%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">12.</span> <span class="toc-text">DPKG包管理命令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#APT%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E2%BC%AF%E5%85%B7"><span class="toc-number">13.</span> <span class="toc-text">APT软件⼯具</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/myblog/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%A4%8D%E7%9B%98/Navicat%E8%83%BD%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BD%86IDEA%E5%92%8CDbeaver%E8%BF%9E%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%8A/" 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